There are things that are always with us. In Spain, at any rate. Like the poor, there are the corrupt. Of the latter, perhaps we had been lulled into the falseness of belief that the well had been run dry and that the bucket had lifted all that remained and had deposited it either at His Majesty's Pleasure or onto the blue conference chairs of the defendants at Palma's School of Public Administration. If not Nóos, there are other legends of public life demanding judgement in various corners of the land.
The fact is that the well seems only to have been tapped. There is no drought here, and had there been any thoughts that there was, they have been dismissed. Here comes another hurricane. First, there was Acuamed. "We build the future of water." This is its slogan. While anxiety grows about a future of water scarcity, this government agency for public water works finds itself in the eye of the storm. Embraced in this affair are contracts that FCC had with the ministry for agriculture, food and environment. Bill Gates might be wondering about his shareholding, though the period under investigation does pre-date his acquisition of almost 6% of the stock.
If there is any solace for Mariano Rajoy, it will lie with the fact that the Acuamed affair seems to more or less correspond with the period when PSOE were in government. He can breathe a certain sigh of relief. But no sooner had Acuamed been sprung from the well, than along came "Taula". The table case in Valencia, so it is being said, might finally shed light on unknowns and mysteries surrounding irregular funding of the Partido Popular. It's appropriate that it should be Valencia, one half of the PP's nexus of alleged irregularities, separated by the seas of some 250 kilometres from these shores. Rajoy might be able to assign responsibility for Acuamed elsewhere. With Taula he cannot.
These latest affairs do not make it any easier for Rajoy to form the next government. He has said as much. But his latest offer to PSOE, one by which Podemos would be marginalised, can be seen as despicable. For all its faults, a central principle of Podemos is its stance against corruption (as is also the case with Ciudadanos). Rajoy is neglecting this. The public might not.
If the latest scandals weren't enough, the acting premier would have been aware of the latest report from Transparency International. Ranking the perception of corruption, country by country, as it does each year, Spain has registered its worst performance ever. It has slipped another place - to 36 out of a total of 168 countries - with its score having dropped six points since 2012, the period of the Rajoy administration.
The report does not suggest that there is systemic corruption. Nor does it say that there has been more corruption as such. It measures the perception of corruption, and in this regard the various cases surrounding public procurement are key: they are at the heart of the Acuamed affair, just as they are with Nóos, Palma Arena and Son Espases. It also observes, however, that such cases were more likely to have arisen during periods of good economic times when there was plenty of cash to be potentially diverted. Rajoy has presided over austerity, so maybe this, as much as any initiatives the government and the PP might claim to have instituted, has been a factor in any decline in corruption.
The PP, fighting to hold back the hurricane being unleashed by the latest affairs, points to a different report which suggests that it is the most transparent of all political parties in Spain. This comes from something called Dyntra, the Dynamic Transparency Index, which measures public information and so transparency. While Dyntra might give the PP a boost for what it has done over the past four years, the much wider report from Transparency International does not. It suggests, for example, that the government's law on transparency leaves much to be desired. A comprehensive programme to combat corruption is required. The PP will argue, as it is in order to give it any chance of clinging to power, that it has been "relentless" in tacking corruption over the past four years. Its relentlessness would not match that of Podemos, though. Comprehensiveness would come from parties other than the PP (or PSOE). Yet here is the PP trying to squeeze out the party which a significant part of the electorate supported for its anti-corruption principles.
While the PP will be spinning for all it's worth as it seeks to hang on, there has been a pathetic image that cuts deep. It is of María del Carmen García-Fuster, until now in charge of the treasury of the PP in the city of Valencia. She is in the back of a car, scared, frightened. The fates have caught up. Eventually, they do.
Showing posts with label Valencia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Valencia. Show all posts
Friday, January 29, 2016
Sunday, July 19, 2015
From Valencia To Mallorca: Jewel races
One of the more peculiar occurrences at a Mallorcan summer fiesta is the insistence by some to indulge in physical exertion of a sort that the meteorological office and the health authorities advise against, especially during the great heat of the day. There is any amount of this activity going on and foremost among it is the fiesta race or races: they come in various guises.
An example of this madness occurred at the start of this month. It was the race to La Victoria in Alcúdia. Anyone with a bit of local knowledge will know that La Victoria is up the side of a mountain. It involves a steep and tortuous climb, and that's just by car. There is a less demanding alternative than running, i.e. the whistle while you walk (itself slightly mad), but neither method is recommended for anyone whose definition of exercise is the stroll to the motor in order to drive to the newsagents.
In Sa Pobla they've come up with a new twist on this summertime torture. It's called "Brutal Running", and the brutality is due to take place this coming Saturday. At a distance of four kilometres, the title seems somewhat exaggerated, but there are always the obstacles, ones for which it is recommended that participants wear clothing of "little value" on account of the potential for said clothing to "deteriorate", which is probably a euphemism for being ripped to shreds. Brutal or not, the only sensible aspect of it is that it doesn't start until six in the evening, when it is likely to have cooled down to 32 degrees: Sa Pobla is typically one of the hottest places on Mallorca.
Such races might be said to have a common fiesta lineage, and it is one that came from across the sea in Valencia and which didn't involve racing on foot but on horseback. Take a look at many a fiesta programme schedule and you will find, assuming the schedule has been translated into English, which it probably won't have been, something known as "jewel races": in Catalan, these are "corregudes de joies".
These jewel races date back to the eighteenth century, and they were typically contests between farmworkers who would challenge each other to see whose horse could go the fastest. The prizes for the victors were jewels, hence the name, though these prizes were subsequently changed - a silk scarf became popular instead, for example. The village of Pinedo can boast having kept this tradition going virtually uninterrupted since the 1700s. Indeed, it is the only village to be able to make this boast. Nowadays, the races, over a distance of 800 metres, take place on the beach and involve some serious sprinting by the horses.
These horse jewel races made their way to Mallorca. There isn't a great deal of historical evidence regarding them, but one town where they were certainly popular until the Civil War was Manacor. The races were both on horseback and on foot, and there is a photo from an unknown year which shows that a large crowd had gathered to watch them. The races used to be staged during the town's celebrations for Sant Jaume, whose day it is this coming Saturday. These fiestas in Manacor were, once upon a time, one of the largest events in Mallorca and had been since the time of King Jaume II (as opposed to the saint), who had established a residence in the town in the early fourteenth century. So popular were they in fact that they have been described as having once been one of the three great fiestas of the Mediterranean: which was all quite a long time ago.
The jewel races that are listed in fiesta programmes are races for which the name has survived rather than the prize. Winners can today expect all sorts of rewards - sweets, typically, for children - and runners, be they young or old, are often egged on by demons or big heads, as is the case in Campos, from where there is a photo from the 1950s which shows the adult male winner of the race homing in on his jewel, which was a hen. They are races which crop up at many a fiesta, and tomorrow in Santa Maria del Camí, just as an example, the town's Santa Margalida fiestas have their jewel races. And at what time? Midday. Yes, midday. Fortunately, the races are only short.
An example of this madness occurred at the start of this month. It was the race to La Victoria in Alcúdia. Anyone with a bit of local knowledge will know that La Victoria is up the side of a mountain. It involves a steep and tortuous climb, and that's just by car. There is a less demanding alternative than running, i.e. the whistle while you walk (itself slightly mad), but neither method is recommended for anyone whose definition of exercise is the stroll to the motor in order to drive to the newsagents.
In Sa Pobla they've come up with a new twist on this summertime torture. It's called "Brutal Running", and the brutality is due to take place this coming Saturday. At a distance of four kilometres, the title seems somewhat exaggerated, but there are always the obstacles, ones for which it is recommended that participants wear clothing of "little value" on account of the potential for said clothing to "deteriorate", which is probably a euphemism for being ripped to shreds. Brutal or not, the only sensible aspect of it is that it doesn't start until six in the evening, when it is likely to have cooled down to 32 degrees: Sa Pobla is typically one of the hottest places on Mallorca.
Such races might be said to have a common fiesta lineage, and it is one that came from across the sea in Valencia and which didn't involve racing on foot but on horseback. Take a look at many a fiesta programme schedule and you will find, assuming the schedule has been translated into English, which it probably won't have been, something known as "jewel races": in Catalan, these are "corregudes de joies".
These jewel races date back to the eighteenth century, and they were typically contests between farmworkers who would challenge each other to see whose horse could go the fastest. The prizes for the victors were jewels, hence the name, though these prizes were subsequently changed - a silk scarf became popular instead, for example. The village of Pinedo can boast having kept this tradition going virtually uninterrupted since the 1700s. Indeed, it is the only village to be able to make this boast. Nowadays, the races, over a distance of 800 metres, take place on the beach and involve some serious sprinting by the horses.
These horse jewel races made their way to Mallorca. There isn't a great deal of historical evidence regarding them, but one town where they were certainly popular until the Civil War was Manacor. The races were both on horseback and on foot, and there is a photo from an unknown year which shows that a large crowd had gathered to watch them. The races used to be staged during the town's celebrations for Sant Jaume, whose day it is this coming Saturday. These fiestas in Manacor were, once upon a time, one of the largest events in Mallorca and had been since the time of King Jaume II (as opposed to the saint), who had established a residence in the town in the early fourteenth century. So popular were they in fact that they have been described as having once been one of the three great fiestas of the Mediterranean: which was all quite a long time ago.
The jewel races that are listed in fiesta programmes are races for which the name has survived rather than the prize. Winners can today expect all sorts of rewards - sweets, typically, for children - and runners, be they young or old, are often egged on by demons or big heads, as is the case in Campos, from where there is a photo from the 1950s which shows the adult male winner of the race homing in on his jewel, which was a hen. They are races which crop up at many a fiesta, and tomorrow in Santa Maria del Camí, just as an example, the town's Santa Margalida fiestas have their jewel races. And at what time? Midday. Yes, midday. Fortunately, the races are only short.
Monday, June 01, 2015
Arresting Angelic Spanish
Oh my good Lord. "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts." Where's the Lord when you need Him? Nowhere, it would appear, when the National Police come a-knocking. "We're coming to get you, Seraphim." Not even the fact that Seraphim is the archangel who looks over the police could prevent this. Oh dear, oh dear, oh dear. And there was worse still. This was the angel of Spanish. Serafín Castellano. Banged up. Corruption. Allegedly. What else would it be?
How terribly ironic that the national government delegate to Valencia (a Partido Popular one) who bears the name of one of the two official languages of Spain - the one that the PP typically has a preference for - should, firstly, be the government delegate in Catalan-variant-speaking Valencia and, secondly, that he should find plod banging on the door waving around a corruption charge only a few days after the regional elections. The ones in which corruption didn't play a part. Or did, depending on which PP apologist was speaking. Rajoy must be spitting feathers. Those of an angel's wings with the name of Castellano-Spanish, to boot. Spanish was under arrest.
Well, did corruption play a part? According to the Balearics PP government spokesperson Nuria Riera, it didn't. It was all the fault of errors in communication. Which was something of an admission for the PP spokesperson to make. It was all her fault then. But Nuria was holding her hands up - not as the police were waving guns in her direction - but in confessing that there would now be a need for "self-criticism": the same self-criticism that was going to be applied after the stuffing at the Euro elections last year but which wasn't.
What a wretched week last week was for Nuria. She was the one with the awkward task of publicly announcing election results on the telly. She could be seen visibly shrinking as the awful truth was being revealed. Much as she might have preferred for there to have been one final burst of communication error, it was impossible: her party was going down the pan. But while she insisted that the corruption hovering over the PP with its now angelic, non-Catalan symbolism was not a factor, others fessed up and said it was. Like, for instance, the president of the PP in Palma, José María Rodríguez. Well he should know, having only avoided a rap thanks to the statute of limitations.
Nuria was left to struggle with the communication breakdown between PP Balearics and PP Central. There is going to be a party congress at the end of the summer, she insisted. Oh no there isn't, said central office. You'll have to wait until after the general election. Why this apparent difference of opinion or communication error? Nothing to do with José Ramón Bauzá wishing to clear the PP leadership decks in the Balearics and prepare his campaign to be elected as a PP Balearics delegate to the national parliament? Or was it one final - and vain - attempt to demonstrate that PP Balearics was more regionalist than its critics would suggest and wasn't a mere puppet of central office?
How terribly ironic that the national government delegate to Valencia (a Partido Popular one) who bears the name of one of the two official languages of Spain - the one that the PP typically has a preference for - should, firstly, be the government delegate in Catalan-variant-speaking Valencia and, secondly, that he should find plod banging on the door waving around a corruption charge only a few days after the regional elections. The ones in which corruption didn't play a part. Or did, depending on which PP apologist was speaking. Rajoy must be spitting feathers. Those of an angel's wings with the name of Castellano-Spanish, to boot. Spanish was under arrest.
Well, did corruption play a part? According to the Balearics PP government spokesperson Nuria Riera, it didn't. It was all the fault of errors in communication. Which was something of an admission for the PP spokesperson to make. It was all her fault then. But Nuria was holding her hands up - not as the police were waving guns in her direction - but in confessing that there would now be a need for "self-criticism": the same self-criticism that was going to be applied after the stuffing at the Euro elections last year but which wasn't.
What a wretched week last week was for Nuria. She was the one with the awkward task of publicly announcing election results on the telly. She could be seen visibly shrinking as the awful truth was being revealed. Much as she might have preferred for there to have been one final burst of communication error, it was impossible: her party was going down the pan. But while she insisted that the corruption hovering over the PP with its now angelic, non-Catalan symbolism was not a factor, others fessed up and said it was. Like, for instance, the president of the PP in Palma, José María Rodríguez. Well he should know, having only avoided a rap thanks to the statute of limitations.
Nuria was left to struggle with the communication breakdown between PP Balearics and PP Central. There is going to be a party congress at the end of the summer, she insisted. Oh no there isn't, said central office. You'll have to wait until after the general election. Why this apparent difference of opinion or communication error? Nothing to do with José Ramón Bauzá wishing to clear the PP leadership decks in the Balearics and prepare his campaign to be elected as a PP Balearics delegate to the national parliament? Or was it one final - and vain - attempt to demonstrate that PP Balearics was more regionalist than its critics would suggest and wasn't a mere puppet of central office?
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Time To Turn Off The TV?: IB3
In the Balearics, there were protests two years ago when the decision was taken to close TV Mallorca. There were similar objections to those now being made in Valencia. Among them were claims that Mallorca's audiovisual industry would be hit hard and that some 2,000 employees could find themselves at risk of losing their jobs. The final transmission was in December 2011 and a year later a further decision by the Council of Mallorca, which had been the body that had closed TV Mallorca, was greeted as representing a potentially fatal blow to the local AV industry; this was the decision to close the Mallorca Film Commission.
The AV industry also criticised cuts to budgets at IB3, the other Mallorca government-funded broadcaster. When these cuts were added to the closure of TV Mallorca and of the film commission, they together amounted to a major threat to an industry which, in no small part, has been at the forefront of a drive towards a stronger technology-based economy on the island.
While lack of funding has been used as the justification for closure, there has also been a heavy dose of politics. TV Mallorca, a company created by the then Unió Mallorquina-led Council of Mallorca, received backing from organisations such as GOB, the environmental group, and the OCB, the promoters of Catalan culture, when the by now Partido Popular-led Council took its decision to close the station. IB3, in the meantime, has become a broadcaster firmly under the control of the PP. The likes of GOB, so it has been alleged, are all but barred, while there was criticism of IB3's lack of coverage of the massive demonstration against the regional government's trilingual teaching policy.
Against a background of an inference that IB3 is being used as a government mouthpiece, there now comes a revelation as to quite how much IB3 has been costing. Since it was launched by the Jaume Matas PP government in 2005, it is said to have cost 650 million euros. Though its budget has been cut over the past four years, in 2012 it still received funding of almost 45 million euros (roughly speaking, public funds amount to 95% of its operating revenue). Based on the cost per head of population, IB3 is the second most expensive regional broadcaster in Spain.
The 2012 budget did, however, have to be supplemented. Had it not been, IB3 might have been forced to shut down. And it would appear that ever since its launch, the initial annual budgets have always been supplemented, occasionally in an astronomical fashion. Meantime, the total of 650 million euros has contributed to sustaining a broadcaster which attracts slightly less than 6% of audience share. By comparison, for example, TV3 in Catalonia has a 13.6% audience share, one pulled from a vastly greater population. Valencia's Channel 9 (RTVV) has a lower share, but it also has a larger population to draw on.
Local broadcasting should, in theory, be a "good thing". It is a very good thing if the funds it receives from government and taxpayers then translate into new businesses, more jobs and technological innovation. It is also a very good thing if it advances local culture and is a force for social good. But it is not a very good thing if it is viewed by comparatively small audiences, costs a fortune and becomes a political tool. If IB3 were to close tomorrow, few people, other than those whose jobs depend on it, would do much weeping.
IB3 has also been dogged with suspicions. Those to do with some of that funding. Little more than three years into its existence, the police had started to snoop around, asking questions about payments for studio sets which were some 20% higher than tenders from companies which had missed out.
The regional government, aware of the protests in Valencia, has said that it has no intention of following Valencia's lead in closing IB3. There again, if it is serving a useful purpose for the government, then why would it? And why would it privatise IB3, as has been suggested, if privatisation meant broadcaster independence? But then who would want to buy it? 6% audience share? No thanks.
Tuesday, November 03, 2009
O Valencia
There has been yet another demonstration. On Sunday. Not in Mallorca, but in Valencia. It was a demonstration against corruption.
As with the pro-Catalan march in Palma earlier this year, so there were again wild fluctuations in the numbers said to have been on the march. Something over 2,000, according to the police; 70,000, according to the organisers. How numbers can differ to that extent, heaven only knows.
The demonstration centred on the so-called Gürtel corruption case that has been rumbling on for several months. The background to the case was considered to be sub judice, so there was little factual reporting. But it has now all come into the open. It concerns a businessman called Francisco Correa who is alleged to have paid the Partido Popular party for favours. This was in Madrid, but the case has spread to Valencia where the regional president, Francisco Camps (also Partido Popular), is said to have accepted gifts of shoes and suits. There is quite a bit more to this, but it's not for here to go into it all.
While this may be viewed as just another case of alleged corruption, the fact that people have taken to the streets does make it rather different. It can be argued that the march was politically motivated, whipped up by the left-wing in Valencia, and there may well be some truth in this. However, the fact of there being a demonstration against corruption adds weight to a growing discontent directed towards the political class and also some elements of business. One might also place this in the context of the 19.3% unemployment rate that exists in Spain - the highest in the Eurozone.
In Mallorca, various prominent politicians have been implicated in cases currently under investigation. These include the former regional president (Jaume Matas, Partido Popular) and the former leader of the Unió Mallorquina, Maria Antònia Munar, now the president of the Balearic parliament.
With all this in mind, it was put to me on Sunday that the anti-Camps demo in Valencia is representative of a move which signals that people have simply had enough. The person who made this point then also went on to decry various practices by employers that fall into the category of fraud, about which employees can do little or nothing.
It is hard not to conclude that corruption, at different levels of society, is endemic. Many people would believe that all politicians are in it in order to line their pockets in some way. With such a mistrust of the political class, and of business, it is hard not to also conclude that the practice of democracy is partly illusory. There is more than an echo of the corrupt system of the "cacique" which emerged in the nineteenth century when Spanish sham democracy, with the collusion of a generally apathetic populace, was driven by the local political boss who delivered the results required and operated by a system of favours.
But the populace is no longer apathetic. It is educated and informed. It may have had enough, but there was a possibly instructive comment attached to a piece elsewhere about the Valencia march, which said, in effect, that while the demonstrators may have been voicing their repugnance at corruption, many of them would have gone back and looked at ways of fiddling their VAT. That, though, says it all. When political leaders, businesspeople and also occasionally some in the police get up to wrongdoing, it sets the tone. And so society at all levels is riven with something rotten at its heart.
Catalonian football team
Valencia is a Catalan-speaking region. It is not in Catalonia, but it shares a common language even if there is, as ever, a regional dialect - Valencian. But were you aware that Catalonia has a football team? Johann Cruyff, once a player and coach at Barcelona, has become its new coach. The team plays only friendlies as it is not recognised by FIFA or UEFA. Its most recent match was a 2-1 defeat of Colombia. Perhaps the most intriguing point about this team is that, unlike most things Catalan being banned during the Franco era, it was allowed to play, even competing against a Spanish national side and beating it (as well as being thrashed 6-0).
It would seem that all the regions of Spain can field teams, so long as they play only friendlies. The Balearics, from what I can see, has only played once, losing to Malta. Catalonia has tried, in vain, to be admitted to UEFA, arguing that if Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland can field sides in competitions, then so should it. God, if all the Spanish regions suddenly popped up with teams, qualifying rounds would take years. And the chances of Wales and the rest ever qualifying again would be even more remote than they are now.
QUIZ
Yesterday's title - The Style Council, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElhC1jFz7-c. Today's title - one of this blog's favourites, one of the Oregon set.
(PLEASE REPLY TO andrew@thealcudiaguide.com AND NOT VIA THE COMMENTS THINGY HERE.)
As with the pro-Catalan march in Palma earlier this year, so there were again wild fluctuations in the numbers said to have been on the march. Something over 2,000, according to the police; 70,000, according to the organisers. How numbers can differ to that extent, heaven only knows.
The demonstration centred on the so-called Gürtel corruption case that has been rumbling on for several months. The background to the case was considered to be sub judice, so there was little factual reporting. But it has now all come into the open. It concerns a businessman called Francisco Correa who is alleged to have paid the Partido Popular party for favours. This was in Madrid, but the case has spread to Valencia where the regional president, Francisco Camps (also Partido Popular), is said to have accepted gifts of shoes and suits. There is quite a bit more to this, but it's not for here to go into it all.
While this may be viewed as just another case of alleged corruption, the fact that people have taken to the streets does make it rather different. It can be argued that the march was politically motivated, whipped up by the left-wing in Valencia, and there may well be some truth in this. However, the fact of there being a demonstration against corruption adds weight to a growing discontent directed towards the political class and also some elements of business. One might also place this in the context of the 19.3% unemployment rate that exists in Spain - the highest in the Eurozone.
In Mallorca, various prominent politicians have been implicated in cases currently under investigation. These include the former regional president (Jaume Matas, Partido Popular) and the former leader of the Unió Mallorquina, Maria Antònia Munar, now the president of the Balearic parliament.
With all this in mind, it was put to me on Sunday that the anti-Camps demo in Valencia is representative of a move which signals that people have simply had enough. The person who made this point then also went on to decry various practices by employers that fall into the category of fraud, about which employees can do little or nothing.
It is hard not to conclude that corruption, at different levels of society, is endemic. Many people would believe that all politicians are in it in order to line their pockets in some way. With such a mistrust of the political class, and of business, it is hard not to also conclude that the practice of democracy is partly illusory. There is more than an echo of the corrupt system of the "cacique" which emerged in the nineteenth century when Spanish sham democracy, with the collusion of a generally apathetic populace, was driven by the local political boss who delivered the results required and operated by a system of favours.
But the populace is no longer apathetic. It is educated and informed. It may have had enough, but there was a possibly instructive comment attached to a piece elsewhere about the Valencia march, which said, in effect, that while the demonstrators may have been voicing their repugnance at corruption, many of them would have gone back and looked at ways of fiddling their VAT. That, though, says it all. When political leaders, businesspeople and also occasionally some in the police get up to wrongdoing, it sets the tone. And so society at all levels is riven with something rotten at its heart.
Catalonian football team
Valencia is a Catalan-speaking region. It is not in Catalonia, but it shares a common language even if there is, as ever, a regional dialect - Valencian. But were you aware that Catalonia has a football team? Johann Cruyff, once a player and coach at Barcelona, has become its new coach. The team plays only friendlies as it is not recognised by FIFA or UEFA. Its most recent match was a 2-1 defeat of Colombia. Perhaps the most intriguing point about this team is that, unlike most things Catalan being banned during the Franco era, it was allowed to play, even competing against a Spanish national side and beating it (as well as being thrashed 6-0).
It would seem that all the regions of Spain can field teams, so long as they play only friendlies. The Balearics, from what I can see, has only played once, losing to Malta. Catalonia has tried, in vain, to be admitted to UEFA, arguing that if Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland can field sides in competitions, then so should it. God, if all the Spanish regions suddenly popped up with teams, qualifying rounds would take years. And the chances of Wales and the rest ever qualifying again would be even more remote than they are now.
QUIZ
Yesterday's title - The Style Council, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElhC1jFz7-c. Today's title - one of this blog's favourites, one of the Oregon set.
(PLEASE REPLY TO andrew@thealcudiaguide.com AND NOT VIA THE COMMENTS THINGY HERE.)
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
